Description

Behavior modification is the systematic application of learning principles to change behavior in meaningful ways. It is based on the idea that behavior is influenced by its environment and by the consequences that follow it. The field uses scientific methods to understand, measure, and modify behaviors rather than relying on assumptions or personal opinions.

The chapter introduces several key ideas:

• Behavior as a subject of study: Behavior refers to actions that can be observed and measured. Behavior modification focuses on changing specific behaviors rather than changing vague traits or labels.
• Behavioral problems: These may involve:
  • Behavioral excesses — behaviors occurring too often or at inappropriate times (for example, excessive procrastination).
  • Behavioral deficits — behaviors that occur too little or are missing (for example, inadequate study habits).
• Principles of learning: Behavior can be increased, decreased, or altered through processes such as reinforcement, extinction, and punishment.